Why reading matters

By Ryan Lockett, Headteacher at TLC LIVE Online School

As World Book Day 2026 arrives during the National Year of Reading, a concerning trend demands our attention. The National Literacy Trust’s research from 2025 found that just 1 in 3 children now enjoy reading in their free time – the lowest level recorded in 20 years. Working as a headteacher, the impact this has on pupils is evident with the risk of falling behind if literacy skills don’t improve. Importantly though, there’s clear evidence that when we approach reading differently, children’s attitudes can shift remarkably quickly.

A report from the Department for Education suggested that those most proficient in reading and writing in primary school go on to be more successful in their careers than peers who struggled. The question clearly isn’t whether reading matters, but how do we re-engage children’s enthusiasm for books in a digital world that is constantly competing for their attention?

The academic benefits

Reading ability directly impacts performance across every subject in school, not just English. If students can read more efficiently and can comprehend texts easier, they will have more time in exams to answer questions. They’re able to better comprehend difficult concepts too.

Take history, for example. A child who’s engaged with books like Horrible Histories already has contextual background knowledge that makes classroom learning more meaningful. In geography, reading stories set in different climates and cultures helps students visualise concepts that might otherwise remain abstract. In science, the ability to comprehend complex written instructions or research findings becomes essential as students’ progress through their education.

Most importantly, studies show that regular reading develops critical thinking skills and better wellbeing outcomes in teenage years. Especially with AI increasingly prevalent (and research showing that AI can chip away at critical thinking abilities), it’s crucial we help young people develop the skills needed to think for themselves and critique texts and arguments. When children engage with texts – fiction or non-fiction – they learn to analyse themes better and read between the lines, understanding what scenarios mean in context when authors use subtle language. These skills translate directly to understanding complicated subject matters and developing well-reasoned arguments.

Reading also naturally builds vocabulary. With one 2023 study finding 4 in 10 pupils have fallen behind in vocabulary development, this creates a ripple effect across their education. Students with limited vocabulary struggle to articulate their understanding, even if they’ve grasped the underlying concepts. Reading exposes children to language in context, enabling them to speak and write more clearly.

Using characters and stories as learning tools

Another engaging and effective strategy in education is using familiar characters and scenarios to teach concepts. For complex ideas, it’s not about watering down material, but creating accessible entry points so every student can understand.

For instance, at TLC LIVE, we focus on personalising material as much as possible to support children in understanding difficult concepts. This could look like incorporating descriptions of tundra landscapes from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe when teaching about climate zones in geography, or assessing narrative device techniques in books like the Harry Potter series in English. While not every child will have read the same books, it’s a great way for parents and teachers to ask questions like “How does this character’s choice reflect the themes we’re studying?” Additionally, wider reading always benefits understanding of context and gives children a boost in analysing situations.

This approach works across subjects. In maths, tricky problems can be framed around scenarios from books students love. For example, for younger children using The Hungry Caterpillar as an example to practice counting, or for older children, using Harry Potter’s Gringotts vault to explore compound interest.

As for other subjects, in science, lessons might explore the real-world physics behind magic or discuss the biology referenced in adventure stories. When learning feels connected to stories children already care about, retention improves dramatically.

The key is recognising that all reading builds literacy. Comics, graphic novels, magazines, poetry, and traditional books all contribute to vocabulary development and comprehension skills. Once a child is reading regularly – regardless of format – introducing more challenging texts becomes easier.

Practical ways parents can support reading at home

The most successful reading households share certain characteristics in that they’ve moved away from treating reading as a chore and weave it naturally into daily life.

For younger children, reading aloud together is really valuable. Even after children can read independently, sharing stories creates positive associations and opens opportunities for discussion. This might look like listening to an audiobook on the journey to school together, or spending time reading aloud at the end of the day before bed. Many schools send reading logs home with younger pupils, which serve as a gentle structure rather than a strict requirement. For older children, autonomy becomes key. Allowing children to select books that genuinely interest them, even if those choices wouldn’t be a parent’s first pick, makes a significant difference.

Removing any shame or pressure around reading difficulties is important, and it’s key that children are given tools to improve. Whether a child struggles with older texts because of challenging language, or has a condition like dyslexia that makes reading harder, they need to know that all formats count. It’s also important to recognise that format is another element of choice. Some readers prefer eBooks or audiobooks over physical books. The goal is comprehension and enjoyment, not suffering through a particular format.

When it comes to texts children need to read for school, consider using adaptations strategically. While we’re often focused on spoiler-free learning, sometimes the best way to engage reluctant readers with difficult, older texts is through visual examples first. Many GCSE texts – Animal Farm, A Christmas Carol, An Inspector Calls etc. – have excellent film or television adaptations, and there are often videos of dramatic poetry readings online. Watching these (whether one scene or the entire adaptation) helps children visualise characters and settings, making the written text less intimidating when they approach it. It also means that when they encounter difficult paragraphs in key scenes, they’re able to understand what is happening.

While it may seem a good idea initially, attaching rewards to reading should be avoided where possible. If children only read to earn the reward whether its screen time or a treat, they’re not being taught to value reading itself. Instead, model reading behaviour. Discuss books, poems, song lyrics, or articles you’ve read recently (even those you didn’t like) and create space for children to share what they’re reading without judgement.

Making World Book Day more than costumes

World Book Day offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate reading, but it’s important to think beyond dressing up. The real value of the day lies in reigniting genuine enthusiasm for stories.

Schools might consider book swaps or fairs, where children can discover new books and be introduced to different genres and authors. Schools often host author visits that allow students to see the creative process behind books. Reading challenges that span different genres encourage children to step outside their comfort zones, and local libraries often run summer reading challenges that are fun for children to engage with.

At home, visiting a library or bookshop together and giving children time to browse without pressure is valuable. Asking children what they liked or didn’t like about characters or plot lines is worthwhile, and you can also engage them in thinking about how they might have structured or written a book differently. Always remind them that it’s okay not to love a popular book but encourage them to articulate why as this expands their critical analysis skills.

Looking forward

As we continue through the National Year of Reading, there’s genuine hope that we can improve young people’s reading habits. The evidence is clear that reading profoundly impacts academic success and cognitive development. Beyond this, books fundamentally give people the ability to understand the world and their place in it.

This World Book Day is a chance to celebrate not just the idea of reading, but its actual practice and value. Whether you’re a parent or a teacher, there’s an important role to play in creating a culture where reading is valued, accessible, and enjoyable. Small, consistent efforts accumulate into lasting habits that will serve children greatly throughout their lives.